According to most historians, the ancient town of Kanchanaburi was located near Ban Lat Ya, a small village situated approximately 16 kilometers north of the present town. The site was repeatedly recorded in Thai history as an invasion route which the Burmese used to enter Thai Kingdoms.

Kanchanaburi, which has mostly mountainous terrain, covers an area of approximately 19,473 square kilometers and is the third largest province in Thailand after Chiang Mai and Nakhon Ratchasima. Situated approximately 129 kilometres west of Bangkok, Kanchanaburi shares a border with Myanmar to the west, Tak and Uthai Thani Provinces to the north, Suphan Buri and Nakhon Pathom Provinces to the east, and Ratchaburi Province to the south.

In north and west Kanchanaburi, the terrain is comprised mainly of mountains and high plains, with the Thanon Thongchai Range acting as a natural border between Thailand and Myanmar. The range is the source of Kanchanaburi’s two most important rivers Maenam Khwae Noi and Maenam Khwae Yai, which form the famous Maenam Mae Klong. As a result, several of Thailand’s largest Namtok (waterfalls) and most extensive wildlife sanctuaries are found in this area.

The magnificent landscape and charming beauty of Kanchanaburi have resulted in major tourist attractions including several well-known waterfalls, caves which were once inhabited by Neolithic man, pristine national parks, tranquil rivers, virgin forests, and reservoir. Together, they offer an intriguing experience for first-time or repeat visitors. Whether its fishing, rafting, canoeing, mountain biking, bird-watching, star-gazing, golfing, elephant and jungle trekking, or even living in bamboo rafts, Kanchanaburi takes pride in offering them all.

The city of Kanchanaburi is located at the point where two tributaries, the Khwae Noi and Khwae Yai meet and form the Maenam Mae Klong. This is the location of the notorious Death Railway and the Bridge on the River Khwae one of the worlds famous World War II sites which have been immortalized in print and film.

In economic terms, Kanchanaburi has been doing well on a national scale, with over 10 per cent growth annually. Important industries include sugar, agricultural products and jewelry. Tourism is also a main source of income for the locals as the provinces high tourism potential has made Kanchanaburi number one among the west provinces in having the highest number of visitors each year.

Residents of Kanchanaburi are engaged in agricultural activities. Most of the locals are of Thai ancestry with notable Mon and Karen minorities. Rural dwellers enjoy living simply and respecting nature. Moreover folk music and dances dating back at least 500 years are still performed today.

Distances from Amphoe Muang (Town) to Neighboring Districts :

Tha Muang 12 kms.
Phanom Thuan 24 kms.
Tha Maka 30 kms.
Dan Makham Tia 30 kms.
Sai Yok 50 kms.
Thong Pha Phum 145 kms.
Sangkhla Buri 230 kms.
Si Sawat 102 kms.
Bo Phloi 40 kms.
Nong Prue 75 kms.
Huai Krachao 60 kms.
Lao Khwan 97 kms.

How to get there

By car
Route 1: a 2-hour drive along Highway No.4 (Phetkasem) via Nakhon Chaisi Province, Nakhon Pathom Province, Ban Pong, Tha Maka and Tha Muang (of Ratchaburi Province) to Kanchanaburi.

Route 2:drive along Highway No. 338 from Bangkok to Nakhon Chaisi Province then switch to Highway No.4 to Kanchanaburi.

By Bus
Non air-conditioned buses leave Bangkoks Southern Bus Terminal daily every 15 minutes from 4 a.m. until 8 p.m. The trip takes about 3 hours. Call 02 434 5557-8 for more information.

First class air-conditioned buses (blue color) leave Bangkoks Southern Bus Terminal daily every 25 minutes Call 02 435 5012, 0 2435 1199 or 02 884 6249 or visit www.transport.co.th for more information.

There are also buses leaving frequently daily for Kanchanaburi from Nakhon Pathom. The journey takes up to 1.5 hours. From Ratchaburi and Suphan Buri Bus Stations, there are several buses leaving directly to Kanchanaburi. The trip takes some 2.5 – 3 hours.

By Train
Ordinary trains leave Bangkoks Thon Buri Railway Station (Bangkok Noi Station) daily. Only 3rd class seats are available. The journey takes approximately 3 hours. For more information, call Thon Buri Railway Station at tel. 02 411 3102 or Kanchanaburi Railway Station at tel. 034 511285.

The weekend special train leaves Bangkok Railway Station (Hua Lamphong) at 6.30 a.m., returning at 7.55 p.m. on Saturdays, Sundays and on public holidays. The trip usually includes several stop-overs at Phra Pathom Chedi (Nakhon Pathom), Death Railway Bridge, and a transfer (by minibus) to Phrasat Mueang Singh Historical Park, etc.

There are also special steam trains operating between Kanchanaburi and Wang Pho.

For more information, call the State Railway of Thailand at tel. 1690, or 02 223 7010, 02 223 7020 or visit www.railway.co.th.

Travelling around Kanchanaburi

Although the city of Kanchanaburi is possibly accessible on foot, it requires strenuous efforts in completing such a trip. Normally, bicycles, motorcycles and cars are common means of transportation. Bicycles and motorcycles can be rented from shops, guesthouses and hotels located along Maenam Khwae Road. Visitors can capture the citys atmosphere along their way to see the Bridge over the River Khwae, the Kanchanaburi War Cemetery, the waterfront Song Khwae Road area, and the JEATH War Museum. For visitors who enjoy driving themselves, cars can be rented on a daily or weekly basis at several outlets on Saeng Chuto Road and around the Song Khwae Road area.

The two major routes used to explore Kanchanaburis attractions are Highway No. 323 and Highway No. 3199. Highway No. 323 runs parallel to Maenam Khwae Noi to Sangkhla Buri District (approximately 230 kilometers from the city) via Sai Yok, Thong Pha Phum, and Vajiralongkorn Dam while Highway No. 3199 follows the Khwae Yai River to Sri Nakharin Dam (69 kilometers away from the city).

Travelling Between Districts

Transportation between the districts is also conveniently arranged by regular buses. Major destinations include Bo Phloi, Tham Than Lot (Than Lot Cave), Namtok Erawan, Namtok Sai Yok Yai, Thong Pha Phum, Sangkhla Buri, the Bridge over River Khwae and the War Cemetery. They are mostly non-air conditioned buses which leave every 20 minutes up to 2 hours. Others have their own fixed itineraries. Check for details at 0 3451 1182, Kanchanaburi Bus Station.

Traveling around Kanchanaburi by train is also popular. It is inexpensive, reliable and offers a more panoramic view of the area. The route from Kanchanaburi to Namtok Station near Namtok Sai Yok Noi Waterfall is recommended for visitors wishing to explore the notorious historic railway. Trains leave Kanchanaburi Railway Station 3 times daily and stops at the Bridge over the River Khwae, Tha Kilen (near Phrasat Mueang Singh Historical Park), Tham Krasae, Wang Pho and ends at Namtok Railway Station. For more information, call Kanchanaburi Railway Station at tel. 0 3451 1 285.

Alternate trips to out-of-town attractions

There are ferry services across Maenam Mae Klong that costs 5 baht per person. You can bring your motorcycle or bicycle on board in order to explore the other side of the town. Also in operation are boat services to several interesting destinations.

From the Pak Saeng Pier in Tambon Tha Sao, visitors can hire a boat (carrying capacity of 10-12 persons) to visit the Lawa Cave and Namtok Sai Yok Yai. The 1-hour boat ride to Namtok Huay Maekhamin starts from the Tha Kradan Pier, 12 kilometers from Sri Nakharin Dam.

Visitors are advised to check with the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT) Office at 034 511 200 and 034 512 500 or email tatkan@tat.or.th for details on arranged transportation during public holidays and weekends.

Attraction

Erawan National Park
The national park is 65 kilometers from Kanchanaburi along Route 3199. The park, covering 550-square-kilometers, is the site of the seven-tiered Erawan waterfall, one of Thailands loveliest waterfalls. The second tier has a pool, which is ideal for swimming and is particularly picturesque. However, the most popular activity in the park is trekking. Bungalow accommodations and camping facilities and a daytime food market are available.
 

Prasat Mueang Sing Historical Park
Muang Singh town was built between 857 and 1157 when the Khmer Kingdom was still prosperous. It was later abandoned until the reign of King Rama I when Muang Singh was rebuilt as a Kanchanaburi border town.

The only archeological site with a religious structure built in the middle of the city is the Khmer Prasat Mueang Sing (Tower of the City of Lions) where the heavy influence of the late Lop Buri arts is clearly visible. The ancient site is located on a steep bank of Khwae Noi River where the waterway narrows and becomes fast flowing. The city walls, which were made of rectangular laterite, are approximately 800 meters in width, 1,500 meters in length and 5 meters in height. The compound is believed to have been the westernmost outpost of the Angkor-centered Khmer empire. Remains dating back some 2,000 years have been discovered, and artifacts, including temple carvings, religious statuary and pottery shards indicate that the city must have been inhabited from approximately the 12th to 14th centuries.

The historical park is open daily from 8 a.m.- 4.30 p.m. Admission fee is 100 baht. Call 0 3452 8456-7 for additional information.

Visitors can take a train from Kanchanaburi to Tha Kilen Railway Station and continue on foot or by local transport to Prasat Muang Sing, which is just 1.5 kilometers away. Trains depart from Kanchanaburi Railway Station every day at 6.11 a.m. (arriving at Tha Kilen at 7.28 a.m.), 11 p.m. (arriving at 11.59 a.m.) and 4.37 p.m. (arriving at 5.42 p.m.). To return to Kanchanaburi, trains depart from Tha Kilen Station at 6.22 a.m., 1.51 p.m. and 4.31 p.m.
 
 
 Tham Kaeo Sawan Bandan, Kanchanaburi
It is a complex of caves located in Tham Kaeo Sawan Bandan Meditation Centre near a small mountain. …  
 
 
 Vajiralongkorn Dam, Kanchanaburi
It is a rockfill dam with a reinforced concrete surface measuring 92 metres high. Its crest is 10 me…  
 
 
 Prommitr Film Studio, Kanchanaburi
This studio was the location of the great historic film “The Legend of King Naresuan”. This epic tr…  
 
 
 Sri Nakharin Dam, Kanchanaburi
This hydro-electric power plant, situated on Khwae Yai Waterfall, is 70 kilometers from Kanchanaburi…  
 
 
 Sri Nakarin National Park, Kanchanaburi
The park, which covers an area of 1,532 square kilometers, is situated 105 kilometers from Kanchanab…  
 
 
 Sai Yok National Park, Kanchanaburi
The park covers approximately 300-square-kilometers and contains several interesting caves and the n…  
 
 
 Sai Yok Elephant Village, Kanchanaburi
Located at Mu 3 Ban Lum Phueng, Tambon Lum Sum and offering a 30-minute nature trek on elephant and …  
 
 
 Somdet Phra Naresuan Maharat Moument, Kanchanaburi
The site, which is located close to Don Chedi Archaeological site, was built using money donated by …  
 
 
 The Nine-Army Battle Historical Park, Kanchanaburi
Established by the Royal Thai Army, the park is located at tambon Chong Sadao, approximately 40 kilo…  
 
 
 The JEATH War Museum, Kanchanaburi
The name JEATH is derived from countries which engaged in the WWII death railway construction from 1…  
 
 
 The Bridge on the River Khwae, Kanchanaburi
Thanks to several films and books, the Bridge on the River Khwae has become notoriously famous and a…  
 
 
 Thailand – Burma Railway Centre, Kanchanaburi
The Thailand-Burma Railway Centre in an interactive museum, research and information centre dedicate…  
 
 
 Kanchanaburi City Gate, Kanchanaburi
An interesting site to see in the remains of Kanchanaburi town is the Gate which was built in 1831 d…  
 
 
 Kanchanaburi Cultural Centre, Kanchanaburi
The centre is located in the Rajabhat Institute of Kanchanaburi, 14 kilometers out of town on the ro…  
 
 
 Art Gallery and War Museum, Kanchanaburi
Located not far away from the Bridge on the River Khwae is a private museum which features the World…  
 
 
 Kanchanaburi Safari Park, Kanchanaburi
The Safari Park is located approximately 40 kilometers from town along the Kanchanaburi-Bo Phloi rou… 
 
more information visit http://www.tourismthailand.org/attraction/kanchanaburi-71-1.html

Thank : tourismthailand.org

Sukhothai Found in the 13th century, Sukhothai (literally means Dawn of Happiness) was the first truly independent Thai Kingdom, which enjoyed a golden age under King Ramkhamhaeng, credited with creating the Thai alphabet. The superb temples and monuments of this great city have been lovingly restored in Sukhothai Historical Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a must-see for all travellers.

Sukhothai is located on the lower edge of the northern region, 427 kilometres north of Bangkok or some 298 kilometres south of Chiang Mai. The province covers some 6,596 square kilometres and is divided into 9 Amphoes: Muang Sukhothai, Ban Dan Lan Hoi, Khiri Mat, Kong Krailat, Sawankhalok, Si Nakhon, Si Samrong, Si Satchanalai and Thung Saliam.

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

Sukhothai was the first kingdom of the Thais in this peninsula. Two princes-Pho Khun Pha Muang and Pho Khun Bang Klang Hao combined their forces and fought the Khmers who commanded an extensive empire throughout this part of the world.

They drove the Khmers out of Sukhothai, a major frontier post of the Khmer Empire, and established it as their capital in 1238. Pho Khun Bang Klang Hao, urged by the people to be king, was enthroned with the royal title of Pho Khun Si Indrathit.

King Si Indrathit had two sons-Pho Khun Ban Mueang and Pho Khun Ramkhamhaeng. After his death, Pho Khun Ban Mueang succeeded him. His brother, Pho Khun Ramkhamhaeng, ascended the throne in 1278 and reigned for forty years. He was Thailand’s first great king.

One of Thailand’s finest warriors, King Ramkhamhaeng made Sukhothai a powerful and extensive kingdom which included many parts of what are today neighbouring countries. A number of ancient cities paid him tribute.
King Ramkhamhaeng opened direct political relations with China and made two trips to China – the first in 1282 to visit Emperor Kublai Khan and the second in 1300 after Kublai Khans death.

From the second visit, he brought back Chinese artisans who taught the Thais the art of pottery. Today, the old Sangkhalok Potteries are eagerly sought by collectors.

A major achievement of King Ramkhamhaeng was the revision of various forms of Khmer alphabets into a system suitable for the writing of Thai words. The alphabet that he invented in 1283 was essentially the same as that in use today.

During his reign, there was prosperity and happiness. There was water in the paddy-fields and fish in the water.

A stone inscription reads in part, This Muang Sukhothai is good. In the water there are fish; in the field there is rice. The ruler does not levy a tax on the people who travel along the road together, leading their oxen on the way to trade and riding their horses on the way to sell. Whoever wants to trade in elephants, so trades. Whoever wants to trade in horses, so trades. Whoever wants to trade in silver and gold, so trades.

King Ramkhamhaeng also promoted religion and culture, and through his efforts, Buddhism progressed among the people. Inspirational faith gave birth to classic forms of Thai religious arts. Images of the Lord Buddha sculptured during the Sukhothai Era are cultural treasures which impart a feeling of peace and serenity.

A total of eight kings ruled Sukhothai. The gradual decline of Sukhothai occurred during the reigns of the last two kings. The end of this first Thai kingdom occurred in 1365 when it became a vassal state of Ayutthaya, a young and rising power to the south. Ayutthaya became the capital of Thailand before Thon Buri and Bangkok.

Attraction

Sukhothai Historical Park
This is located 12 kilometres from town on the Sukhothai-Tak Highway and can be reached by local bus or hired motored tricycle from town. 

The park is open daily from 8.30 a.m.- 4.30 p.m.

Admission is 100 baht each. A package ticket is also available at 350 baht cach.

The park also offers tram services as well as bicycles for rent to explore around its large area.

The Tourist Service Centre in the park (Tel: 0 5569 7527, 0 5569 7310) provides information, as well as displays models of historical buildings and structures in old Sukhothai.

Ruins of the royal palaces, Buddhist temples, the city gates, walls, moats, dams, ditches, ponds, canals, and the water dyke control system, which was the magical and spiritual centre of the kingdom, are now preserved and have been restored by the Fine Arts Department with the cooperation of UNESCO, not only with a view of fostering Thailand’s national identity but of safeguarding a fine example of mankind’s cultural heritage.  

Places of interest in Sukhothai Historical Park are as follows:-

Inside the city wall
The city wall is located in the centre of the historical park and surrounded by earthen ramparts.  The city has a rectangular shape with 1,300 metres width and 1,800 metres long. The walls contain four main gates. A stone inscription mentions that King Ramkhamhaeng set up a bell at one of the gates.  If his subjects needed help, they would ring the bell and the King would come out to settle disputes and dispense justice.

Inside the town stand 35 monuments including Buddhist temples and many other structures.

The Royal Palace and Wat Mahathat 
The royal palace lies in the centre of the town and covers an area of 160,000 square metres. This area is surrounded by a moat and contains two main compounds; the royal building and the sanctuary in the palace.  In the royal compound exist the ruins of the royal building called Noen Phrasat.

Here, the famous stone inscription of King Ramkhamhaeng was found by King Mongkut (Rama IV) in the 19th century together with a piece of the stone throne called “Manangkhasila-at”.  King Ramhamhaeng set up the throne in the midst of a sugar-palm grove where, at his request, a monk preached on Buddhist Sabbath days and the King conducted the affairs of state on other days.  This throne was later installed in Bangkok’s Temple of the Emerald Buddha.
 
A sanctuary lying to the west behind the Royal Palace compound is Wat Mahathat.  It is Sukhothai’s largest temple with a customary main chedi in lotus-bud shape and a ruined viharn.  At the base of the chedi stands Buddhist disciples in adoration, and on the pedestal are seated Buddha images.  In front of this reliquary is a large viharn formerly containing a remarkable seated bronze Buddha image of the Sukhothai style, which was cast and installed by King Lithai of Sukhothai in 1362.  At the end of the 18th century, the image was removed to the Viharn Luang of Wat Suthat in Bangkok by the order of King Rama I and has since been named Phra Si Sakaya Muni.  In front of the large viharn is another smaller viharn which was probably built during the Ayutthaya period.  Its main Buddha image (8 metres high) was installed inside a separate building.  In front of the southern image, a piece of sculpture called “Khom Dam Din” (a Khmer who came by way of walking underground) was found, and is now kept in the Mae Ya Shrine near the Sukhothai City Hall.  On the south stands a pedestal of a large chedi built up in steps, the lowest platform is adorned with beautiful stucco figures of demons, elephants and lions with angles riding on their backs.  Mural painting adorns this chedi.

King Ramkhamhaeng Monument
Situated to the north of Wat Mahathat, the bronze statue of King Ramkhamhaeng sits on a throne with bas-relief at the base depicting the King’s life.

Wat Si Sawai
Situated among magnificent scenery southwest of Wat Mahathat is Wat Si Sawai.  Three prangs (pagodas) are surrounded by a laterite wall.  Inside the wall, the viharn in the west, built of laterite, is separated from the main prang which was constructed in the Lop Buri or Hindu-style, but the other also constructed beside the prangs are Buddhist viharns.  The Crown Prince of that time who later become King Rama VI found a trace of the Hindu sculpture Sayomphu, the greatest Hindu God in this sanctuary.  In his opinion, this ruin was once a Hindu shrine, but was later converted into a Buddhist monastery.
 
Wat Traphang-Ngoen
Situated to the west of Wat Mahathat is Wat Traphang-Ngoen with its square pedestal, main sanctuary, and stucco standing Buddha image in four niches.  There is a viharn in front, and in the east of the pond, there is an island with an ubosot.  This edifice has already crumbled and only its pedestal and laterite columns still remain.  Many monuments and magnificent scenery are visible from this location.
 
Wat Chana Songkhram
Situated to the north of Wat Mahathat is Wat Chana Songkhram.  Its main sanctuary is a round Singhalese-style chedi.  In front of the chedi exists the base of a viharn and behind the former stands an ubosot.  Bases of twelve small chedis are also visible.  Near Charot Withithong Road is a strange chedi having three bases, one on top of the other.
 
Wat Sa-Si 
Situated near Wat Chana Songkhram is Wat Sa Si.  Around a Singhalese-style chedi is the main sanctuary on an island in the middle of Traphang Trakuan Pond.  A large viharn contains a stucco Buddha image.  To the south stands nine chedis of different sizes.
 
San-Ta-Pha-Daeng or Deity Shrine
Situated to the north of Wat Mahathat is San Ta Pha Daeng.  This monument consists of only one laterite prang with a staircase in the front.  Sandstone Hindu divine objects (Lop Buri-style) were discovered here.
 
Wat Mai
Situated to the north of Wat Mahathat is Wat Mai.  Wat Mai, having a brick viharn as the main sanctuary, is in the Ayutthaya style.  The columns of the viharn are made of laterite.  A bronze image of the Buddha under a Naga (Lop Buri-style statue) was found here and is now preserved in the Ramkhamhaeng National Museum.
 
The Ramkhamhaeng National Museum
The Ramkhamhaeng National Museum was built in 1960 and open on 25 January, 1964. The museum collection includes gifts from the ex-abbot of Wat Ratchathani and art objects unearthed in Sukhothai and nearby provinces.  It is open daily from 8.30 a.m.-3.30 p.m.  Admission is 30 baht. Tel: 0 5569 7367 www.thailandmuseum.com
 
Wat Traphang Thong
Situated to the east of Wat Mahathat is Wat Traphang Thong. The monastery is located on an island in the middle of a large pond.  A ruined laterite Singhalese-style chedi is on the island.  In front of it, a new mondop contains the Lord  Buddha’s Footprint slab that was created by King Lithai in 1390 on Samanakut or Phra Bat Yai Hill.  This footprint was removed to the new mondop some years ago.  An annual fair to worship this sacred Lord Buddha’s Footprint takes place at the same time as the Loi Krathong Festival.

Outside the City Wall

The Sites in the North
 
Wat Phra Phai Luang
This temple lies about 500 metres north of San Luang Gate (northern gate).  This sanctuary, formerly a Khmer-Hindu shrine but later converted into a Buddhist monastery, is surrounded by a moat.  It is second in importance to Wat Mahathat.  Inside, there are three prangs like Wat Si Sawai, but the southern and the central ones have crumbled leaving only the northern one decorated with stucco figures.  In front of these prangs are a viharn and a crumbled chedi; the later has a pedestal decorated with stucco seated Buddha images.  A mondop contains Buddha images in four postures; sitting, reclining, standing, and walking.  They are now all in ruins.  A Sivalinga (Phallic emblem of Hindu gods) was unearthed in the compound of this sanctuary.
 
Ruins of the Old Celadon Factory (Thuriang Kiln)  
Thuriang Kiln is a site where Sukhothai celadons were made.  Kilns exist in an area measuring 100 by 700 metres.  Each kiln is divided into three sections; the fire area, the pottery baking oven, and the flue.  The pottery found here is usually decorated by three different painted designs on their bottom: a disc, a fish, and a flower.  Forty-nine kilns and small edifices are visible.  To the north, a pond has been dug into the stone.
 
Wat Si Chum
This lies about 1,500 metres north of Wat Mahathat and was originally surrounded by a moat. A square mondop which is the main sanctuary, contains a monumental stucco-over-brick Buddha image in the attitude of Subduing Mara called “Phra Achana.” which is 11.30 meters width.

The mondop is 32 metres square and 15 metres high, and the walls are 3 metres thick.  There is a passageway in the left inner wall itself which leads to the above crossbeam.  On the ceiling of the passageway are more than fifty engraved slate slabs illustrating Jataka scenes.

The sites in the West

Wat Saphan Hin
This is situated on a hill 200 metres high.  A pathway of slate slabs leads to the sanctuary yard.

Wat Chang Rop
This is situated in the Aranyik area.  A chedi is decorated with an elephant emerging from the base.  A viharn base and laterite columns are in front of the Chedi.

Phra-Ruang Dam
This earthwork dam was formed to hold back water between Phra Bat Yai and Kio-Ai-Ma Hills and restored by Thailand’s Irrigation Department.  Water from the dam will be used as a reserve whenever the water level in other reservoirs goes down.  This dam is referred to in the Sukhothai inscription.

The Site in the South

Wat Chetuphon
A mondop enshrines four Buddha images in different postures: sitting, standing, walking, and reclining.  The outer walls of the mondop still retains a section in the form of a slate pillar-balustraded window.  There is an entrance to the mondop to the north.  Just behind the mondop is a small sanctuary which contains a Buddha image known locally as Phra Si Ariya Maitreya, the Lord Buddha of the Future.

The Sites in the East

Wat Chang Lom is located to the north of Charot Withithong Road with a bell-shaped chedi of Ceylonese influence standing as the centre.  The chedi is situated on a 3-tiered square base with a platform decorated with a row of elephants seen by their front halves supporting the round chedi.
 
This type of elephant-decorated chedi is to be seen in many ancient towns of the Sukhothai period; for example, Kamphaeng Phet and Si Satchanalai.

Wat Traphang Thonglang
A square mondop is the main sanctuary.  In front of the mondop to the east, is the viharn and beyond the viharn stands an ubosot.  The outer wall of the mondop is beautifully decorated by stucco figures in niches.  The southern side portrays the Lord Buddha flanked by angels decending from Tavatimsa Heaven.  To the west portrays the Lord Buddha preaching to his father and relatives.  The northern side depicts the episode when the Lord Buddha returned to preach to his wife.  These stucco figures, especially those on the south side, are masterpieces of Sukhothai art.

How to get there

By Bus
Air-conditioned buses depart from Bangkok’s Mochit 2 Bus Terminal to Sukhothai daily between 9.45 a.m. and 10.20 p.m.,frequently during the morning. The journey takes 7 hours. Call 0 2936 2852-66 or visit www.transport.co.th for more information. Private bus companies which operate daily bus services to Sukhothai are such as Win Tour (Tel: 0 2936 3753 or 0 5561 1039), Phitsanulok Yan Yon (Tel: 0 2936 2924-5, 0 5525 8647) Sukhothai Bus Terminal (Tel: 0 5561 3296)
 
By Rail
There are no trains going directly to Sukhothai. One may travel by train to Phitsanulok and then take a local bus to Sukhothai, about 59 kilometres away. Contact Bangkok Railway Station Tel. 1690, 02223 7010, 0 2223 7020 or visit www.railway.co.th for more information.
 
By Air
Bangkok Airways flies from Bangkok to Sukhothai daily for 1-hour journey. Sukhothai Airport is about 40 kilometres north of the town. For more information, call 0 2265 5678, 0 2265 5555 or 0 5564 7224-5 or visit www.bangkokair.com

Thank : tourismthailand.org

With regards to the history and culture of Thailand, Ayutthaya is one of the most important cities in the country. This fact is evident in the number of ruins and cultural attractions which are dotted around the city. This ancient capital once glittered with gold and led the way in commerce and trade. Unfortunately, the sacking of the city by the Burmese led to it being destroyed forever.

While many travellers choose to visit Ayutthaya for a day trip while in Bangkok, the city is a great destination in its own right. There are countless ruins, some working temples, elephants, museums and excellent restaurants and bars. Hotels and guest houses are abundant, with some noteworthy chains represented here. For those not after such lavish accommodation, you will also find mid-range hotels which are ideal for the family and offer excellent facilities.

For architectural fans, Ayutthaya is in a class above many cities. The style of most buildings is a fascinating mix of Khmer and early Sukothai style; although many of the buildings now lay in ruins. You will find temple ruins throughout the city alongside headless Buddhas and crumbling pagodas. These ruins is what draws most people to the city as it is possible to get a glimpse into how spectacular Ayutthaya would have been during its golden era.

Ayutthaya is not home to a frenetic nightlife with countless bars and clubs. It is suited to people who enjoy good food, quiet drinks by the river and traditional Thai shows. There are of course the ubiquitous karaoke bars that are found across the country. Restaurants are aplenty and to savour the Thai atmosphere while you are here, visit a local eatery and try some delicious Thai dishes.

The city is one large museum preserving its ancient past and using this past to help rebuild its future. It is one of Thailand’s most important historical cities and as soon as you arrive, you will understand why.

Since Ayuthaya is a day trip from Bangkok, many visitors prefer the comfort and selection by returning to stay in the capital. Ayuthaya itself has a modest selection of hotels, mainly family run three star establishments. There is however a few comfortable choice of you prefer to stay several nights to truly explore this World Heritage site properly. They are modestly priced and some, such as the River View Place have a waterfront location.

History

The city of Ayutthaya was founded in 1351 by a man called U Thong. He established this city on the banks of the Chao Phraya River. It is believed that U Thong was the son of a Chinese merchant who had married into local aristocracy and it was this that allowed him to create this new thriving settlement, under his new name of Ramathibodi.

In 1378, Ayuthaya conquered Sukhothai and became the capital of the entire Thai kingdom and in 1431; the Ayutthayan army defeated the Khmer kingdom of Angkor Wat. Ayuthaya became the most important power in Southeast Asia.

The move of the Thai capital from Sukothai to Ayuthaya has remained very important in the history of the country. The move to the capital closer to the coast and as a result, Thai people became more commerce oriented and began prospering through trade.

King U Thong was the first of 34 kings in his line, with King Ekathat (1758-67) being the last. This royal lineage lasted for over 400 years and ended with a sacking by the Burmese.

The Burmese army invaded Ayuthaya in 1765 and while it took them two years to gain control, they made sure that the city was completely destroyed. Temples, statues, manuscripts and official memorandums were all lost forever. This resulted in a very fast decline of the city, which found itself under Burmese control for just over two years.

In 1769, Phaya Taksin (a Chinese-Thai general) appointed himself as king in 1769 and established a new capital, Thonburi, on the Chao Phraya River. This did not help Ayutthaya and the city was never restored to its former glory.

Today, Ayutthaya is famed for its relics and reminders of its distinguished past and sees a great number of people arrive in the city to see what’s left of this ancient Thai capital.

Weather

Despite its close proximity to Bangkok, Ayutthaya does not suffer from the extreme humidity as the capital. This is mainly due to the fact that much fewer people live there. It does however see the same three seasons as Bangkok: hot, cool and rainy.

Summer temperatures (March through until June) sees highs of up to 40°C and high humidity levels. While it is not as humid as in Bangkok, temperatures can still feel very uncomfortable. April is the hottest month of the year, so air con is a must if you are travelling during this time.

It is slightly cooler in the months of November to February, with temperatures dropping to about 20°C. This is one of the best times to visit the city as sightseeing is a lot more enjoyable in the cooler weather.

Rainy season runs from July through until October and can see heavy showers and occasional flooding. While temperatures are cooler than at the height of summer, it can still be very hot and muggy. This being said, the sun will still shine on many days, with showers taking place early evening, so sightseeing can still be enjoyed.

Sightseeing

Much of Ayutthaya’s charm lies in its ruins and historical significance. A sightseeing tour around the city will take you to a number of famous ruins such as temples and chedis as well as a number of working temples and also an impressive palace. For some peace and quiet, take a trip to one of the city’s parks where you can relax and indulge in some people watching.

Ancient Palace
This historical palace is largely in ruins which are located in large grounds. They are a stunning sight to see, with some free-standing buildings remaining.

Ayutthaya Historical Study Centre
This modern museum attempts to portray life in Ayutthaya with model images. It is a great place to take the kids and will fascinate anyone who is interested in the history of Thailand.

Bang Pa-In Palace
This palace is located 18kms south of Ayuthaya and is a stunning palace rich in history and importance. It was originally built by King Prasat Thong in 1632, but was ransacked in the Burmese occupation. The palace was semi-restored by King Mongkut (Rama IV) in the 1850s, and was completed by King Chulalongkorn (Rama V. It was last restored in 2001 and has been maintained ever since. Phone: +66 224 3273

Chedi at Wat Phu Khao Thong
This is an enormous chedi which is famed for being crooked and is located in grounds which house a smiling fat Buddha. You will also find the monument of King Naresuan the Great close by

Khun Phaen Residence
Khun Phaen Residence is a reconstructed traditional teak house which can be found in beautiful parklands with water features and a number of places to sit and enjoy the serenity. Many elephants taking tourists round the sights stop here for photos as Wat Phra Ram can be seen in the background.

Phra Chedi Sisuriyothai
This white and gold chedi was built as a memorial to a former queen. It can be found amid small well-maintained gardens and is a great place to escape to for a bit of peace and quiet.

Phra Ram Park
Phra Ram Park is in fact stunning woodlands dissected by nature trails and picturesque bridges over walkways which lead you past a variety of Buddha images and buildings.

Wat Nah Phra Meru
This impressive temple boasts a large viharn which houses the biggest bronze Buddha image in the city. Elsewhere in the grounds, you will find a small carp pond and three chedi ruins.

Wat Phanancherng
This is a working temple which boasts the oldest large cast bronze Buddha image in Ayutthaya. There is a small room which contains an impressive collection of Buddha images.

Wat Yai Chaimonkorn
This large working temple features many ruins which appear on many photographs of Thailand. You will find a large reclining Buddha in saffron robes and a large chedi which is wrapped in golden cloth and lined by Buddha images.

Wiharn at Wat Thammikarat
This is an actual working temple but also houses the remains of a large chedi and a wiharn, which has a large tree growing out of the side of one of its walls.

Ayutthaya Transport

Airports  Suvarnabhumi Airport is Bangkok’s new airport and the nearest international airport to Ayutthaya. It is the largest airport in the country and services a number of flights every day to worldwide destinations. There are also frequent domestic flights to cities across the country.

Facilities are extensive and include a number of banking and exchange facilities, ATM’s, a wide range of restaurants, snack bars and other eateries, a number of shopping opportunities, both duty-free and duty-paid, information desks, car hire, left luggage, first aid facilities and extensive amenities for passengers travelling with disabilities.

Transportation options are comprehensive and include local and shuttle busses, taxis and car hire. A link to the MRT train line will allow quick and convenient services to and from downtown Bangkok, from where you can catch train services to Ayutthaya.

Cars can be hired and driven by yourself, or hired with a driver who will chauffer you to your intended destination.

Public Transport

Ayutthaya is easily reachable from other cities in Bangkok by train and bus services. It is a short drive out of Bangkok which also makes it convenient for those looking to hire their own car.

Once you are in the city, song taews and tuk-tuks are the most popular way of getting around as they offer cheap and convenient services to a number of tourist hot spots. This being said, if you want to embark on a tour of many of the city’s ruins, the most economical way of getting around is to hire a bicycle. This will also allow you to fully appreciate the sights and to travel around at your own pace. Walking is also an option, although not advised during the heat of the day.

If you want to travel outside of the city centre and explore Ayutthaya’s hidden gems, hiring a mini bus is cost effective for families as well as having the convenience of your own driver. These can be hired by the day and will take you wherever you want to go, so it’s adviseable to have an itinerary ready.

Taxis can be found across the city and while they are all metered, it is wise to always check that the meter is switched on before embarking on your journey.

Thank : hoteltravel.com

Thailand’s spectacular capital city, Bangkok is one of Asia’s most famous tourist destinations and contains a mixture of gleaming skyscrapers and ancient oriental shrines. Bangkok’s elevated Skytrain is becoming an increasingly popular way to travel around the city, while for others, a river taxi or cruise along the Mae Nam Chao Phraya River is hard to beat.

Bangkok was founded in 1782 and has grown dramatically in size since then, gaining almost epic proportions and a vast metropolitan area. However, beneath the multi-lane highways, traffic jams and modern concrete jungle is the appealing Old City district (Ko Rattanakosin), where you will discover a huge concentration of old temples, museums, bazaars, theatres (wats) and also Bangkok’s original palace.

All over Bangkok, tourism is an important part of day-to-day life. Various tourist information offices are located around Bangkok and also at the city’s nearby Suvarnabhumi Airport, including the head office of the Tourism Authority of Thailand (TAT), which is located along New Phetchaburi Road and features many English-speaking staff.

Top Bangkok Sights
There is more than enough within Bangkok to keep even the keenest tourist occupied throughout their holiday. Look out for the sightseeing city tram and the river cruises, both of which are a great way to see many of the city’s premier sights. For families in Bangkok, many attractions suit children, such as Dusit Zoo (Khao Din), and also the Bangkae Amusement Park, home to both funfair rides and a water park. Indoor roller coasters are available at the air-conditioned Leo Land, sited within the Central City Bangna Shopping Centre, while for many the countless parks around Bangkok are a great place to relax, with the centrally located Lumpini Park being especially popular.

Bangkok Sightseeing
Bangkok is one of the most lively and tourist friendly cities in the whole of Thailand and this exciting metropolis is brimming with top tourist attractions. Many tourists arriving in Bangkok begin their visit by enjoying a guided tour aboard the Sightseeing City Tram, or a pleasure cruise along the Chao Phraya River.

For others, a trip to one of Bangkok’s many family friendly tourist attractions is in order, with popular attractions including the Bangkae Amusement Park, the Mall Ngamwongwan Water Park and Playland, the animals at the acclaimed Dusit Zoo (Khaio Din), or the indoor theme park of Leo Land, within the Central City Bangna Shopping Centre. Other popular tourist attractions in Bangkok include many nearby elephant shows, tenpin bowling at the city’s numerous bowling alleys and entertainment complexes, and traditional Thai boxing at the famous Lumpini Boxing Stadium, close to Lumpini Park.

Sightseeing City Tram – Bangkok Tourist Bureau, 17 / 1 Phra Arthit Road, Phra Nakorn, Bangkok, 10200, Thailand, TH
Tel: +66 02 225 7612
Various guided tours of Bangkok’s main attractions are available and are a good way to begin your sightseeing in this large and busy city. Most tours can be arranged by your hotel or at one of the many travel agencies, which reside in the main tourist regions. The Bangkok Sightseeing City Tram is especially popular and features English-language commentary. The tram tour starts from the Sanam Luang Park (Royal Fields) and takes in many of the city’s best sights, such as the colourful Flower Market, the Grand Palace and Wat Phra Kaew and also a number of top museums.
Bangkok tourist attraction open: daily, tours operate at 30-minute intervals
Bangkok tourist attraction admission: charge

River Cruises / Manohra Cruises – 257 / 1 – 3 Charoen Nakorn Road, Krunghtep Bridge, Bangkok, 10600, Thailand, TH
Tel: +66 02 477 0770
The ultimate way to sightsee in Bangkok is to relax and enjoy a cruise along the meandering Mae Nam Chao Phraya River. Various pleasure cruises are available and pass many appealing waterfront attractions along the way. Particularly popular are the Manohra Cruises, which use teak barges and offer both lunchtime and evening cruises, featuring a sun deck, where the uninterrupted views are at their best.
Bangkok tourist attraction open: hours vary according to cruise
Bangkok tourist attraction admission: charge, concessions

Bangkae Amusement Park – 275 Moo 1 Phetkasem Road, Bhang Kae, Bangkok, 10160, Thailand, TH
Fun for all the family, the many family orientated attractions at the Bangkae Amusement Park can be found within the Mall Bangkae. Particularly popular are the state-of-the-art video games and amusements, while the additional attractions of a water park, tenpin bowling, cinema and fast funfair rides will be sure to please.
Bangkok tourist attraction open: Monday to Friday – 10:30 to 22:00, Saturday and Sunday – 10:00 to 22:00
Bangkok tourist attraction admission: charge, concessions, children under 1.2 metres / 3.9 feet are free

Dusit Zoo (Khao Din) – 71 Rama V Road, Dusit, Bangkok, 10300, Thailand, TH
Tel: +66 02 281 2000
Founded in 1938, Dusit Zoo has long been one of Bangkok’s most popular family attractions and was previously a royal botanical gardens for King Rama V, covering around 47 acres / 19 hectares. Today, the zoo is home to a large collection of animals, which include some 300 mammals and also 1,000 exotic birds. Expect to see elephants, giraffes, rhinos, monkeys, crocodiles and some extremely rare native species.
Bangkok tourist attraction open: daily – 08:00 to 18:00
Bangkok tourist attraction admission: charge, concessions

Bangkok Playhouse – 2884 / 2 New Petchburi Road, Bangkok, 10310, Thailand, TH
Tel: +66 02 319 76414
The Bangkok Playhouse is a relatively new addition to the city’s theatrical scene and first opened its doors in 1993. A modern venue with many regular performances, which range from puppet shows to serious dramas, other attractions include art exhibitions, seminars, lectures and many visiting international shows.
Bangkok tourist attraction open: Monday to Saturday – 09:00 to 19:00, hours vary according to event
Bangkok tourist attraction admission: charge

Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute (QSMI) and Snake Farm – 1871 Rama IV Street, Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand, TH
Tel: +66 02 252 01614
A popular local attraction, the Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute is home to a large collection of extremely poisonous snakes, including the king cobra and numerous vipers. Known for its important research into snake venom and its deadly effects, the institute is also home to a snake farm, where many different snakes are successfully bred and reared.
Bangkok tourist attraction open: Monday to Friday – 08:30 to 16:30, Saturday and Sunday – 08:30 to 12:00
Bangkok tourist attraction admission: charge

Leo Land – 6th Floor, Central City Bangna, 1094 Bangna-Trad Road, Bangkok, 10260, Thailand, TH
Tel: +66 02 361 0888
Part of the popular Central City Bangna Shopping Centre, this air-conditioned indoor theme park features a good selection of fast rides, roller coasters and simulator attractions. Particularly popular is the waterpark, water slides and go-karting, appealing to all ages.
Bangkok tourist attraction open: daily – 11:00 to 18:00
Bangkok tourist attraction admission: charge, discounts for children

Mall Ngamwongwan Water Park and Playland – Ngam Wong Wan Road, 30 / 39 – 50 Ngamwongwan Shopping Centre, Bangkok, 10220, Thailand, TH
Tel: +66 02 550 0011
The perfect way to cool off during one of Bangkok’s many hot days, the Water Park and Playland is part of the Ngamwongwan Shopping Mall and is full of water-related attractions, together with a play area for children. With water slides, pools, miniature train rides and plenty of places to simply sit back and relax, the Mall Ngamwongwan Water Park is close to the cinema complex and many shopping opportunities.
Bangkok tourist attraction open: daily
Bangkok tourist attraction admission: charge

Bangkok is truly steeped in history and apart from its modern skyscrapers, of which the Baiyoke Tower is the tallest at 304 metres / 997 feet, the most impressive landmarks are its historic structures. Be sure to find the Grand Palace, where you can also enjoy a visit to its Wat Phra Kaew, perhaps better known as the Temple of the Emerald Buddha. Other notable temples in Bangkok include the Wat Bowonniwetwihan (Ratchaworawihan), the Wat Benchamabophit (Wat Ben), the Wat Traimit (Temple of the Golden Buddha), and also the Wat Pho, the city’s oldest and biggest temple.

Culture abounds within Bangkok and tourists will enjoy the city’s many outstanding museums. Located within the Sanam Luang area, the National Museum contains everything from information about traditional Thai art and textiles, to literature and weaponry. Completely unique is the Royal Barges National Museum and its extensive collection of large boats. Those with a love of aviation should search out the Royal Thai Air Force Museum, while art lovers in Bangkok will be overwhelmed at the traditional and contemporary pieces on display at the National Gallery.

Almost the epitome of everything that Asia has to offer, Bangkok has plenty to offer tourists. However, should you choose to venture outside of this sprawling metropolis, you will find a wealth of tourist attractions within easy reach. Particularly close to Bangkok, the Crocodile Farm and Zoo and Samut Prakan is always extremely popular, as are the countless temples within Samut Songkhram, which is located just a short distance to the south-west. To the north of Bangkok, the Ayuthaya Historical Park contains such as wealth of temples and shrines that it has gained the status of World Heritage Site.

Fast Facts and Orientation

Country: Thailand
Location: east bank of the Mae Nam Chao Phraya River and close to the Gulf of Thailand
Status: capital city of Thailand (Thai: Krung Thep Maha Nakhon)
Area: approximately 600 square miles / 1,553 square kilometres
Population: approximately seven million
Language: Thai
Currency: Thailand Baht (THB)
Time zone: UTC / GMT +7 hours
Country dialing code: +66
Telephone area code: 02
Religion: mainly Buddhists, remainder includes Muslims and Christians
Average daily Bangkok January temperature: 31°C / 88°F
Average daily Bangkok July temperature: 35°C / 95°F

Thank : bangkok.world-guides.com